Mouring in the Victorian Era Essay -- Victorian Era

Mouring in the Victorian Era The actions of Victorians upon a death is a intricate web of rituals and etiquette. In Vanity Fair, William Thackeray gives modern readers a brief glimpse into deep mourning through Amelia Sedley-Osborne. The idea of deep mourning was introduced by Queen Victoria upon the death of her husband, King Albert, who died of typhoid in 1861. At that time and for forty years after(the time of her death), the Queen mourned the loss of her beloved husband. She commanded her court to dress in mourning with her for the first three years post-mortem. Because of the Queen's extreme actions, the Victorians elected to mimic her ethics. After her death, the world came out of mourning and began to change fashion, which began the Edwardian Period. Death Death was a commonplace occurrence in the Victorian Age. "Three of every twenty babies died before their first birthday, and those who survived infancy had a life expectancy of only forty-two years" (Douglas) Death would take place most often in the home. When a death occurs, the entire house stops and takes up deep mourning. Windows are closed. Clocks are stopped. Mirrors were covered. Mirrors were covered because it was believed that a mirror, or reflective surface, could because trapped in it. Bodies would be stored in homes until they were buried. Poor families in their small houses would have to kept the dead in the same quarters as the living until the time of the funeral had arrived. Even children were not sheltered from the deaths around them. They were instructed at all ages on the meaning of death and its rituals. As the Industrial Revolution developed, Middle Class and proper etiquette were defined. Rules and regulations of what was proper was decided... ...ictorianflair.net/VictorianMourning.html http://www.datavista.co.uk/ctic/thread.asp?threadid=39 http://www.gbacg.org/mourning98.htm http://www.msu.edu/user/beltranm/mourning/mourning.htm http://www.victoriaspast.com/LadyinBlack/ladyinblack.htm Works Cited "Death: the Last Taboo." Victorian Era. Australian Museum. 2004. . Douglas, Anne. Victorian Mourning Customs. Pagewise, Inc. 2002 . Hell, Kyshah. "Victorian Mourning Garb." Morbid Outlook. . "Victorian Mourning." Webster Dictionary. 1931. . Weston, Pauline. Mourning Fashion History. Fashion-era. .

Socio

w w w e tr . X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Level .c rs om 9699/33 SOCIOLOGY Paper 3 Social Change and Differentiation Additional Materials: * 1 3 8 8 3 1 5 7 9 6 * October/November 2011 3 hours Answer Booklet/Paper READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Answer three questions, each from a different section. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 4 printed pages. DC (NF) 50220/2 R  © UCLES 2011 [Turn over 2 Option A: Famil ies and Households Answer either Question 1 or Question 2. 1 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term extended family. Identify and briefly describe two characteristics of modified extended families. [3] [6] b) Evaluate the view that the extended family is of little importance in modern industrial societies. [16] 2 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term patriarchy in relation to the family. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which patriarchy within the family may be expressed. [6] (b) â€Å"Patriarchal family structures are no longer to be found in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16] Option B: Education Answer either Question 3 or Question 4. 3 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term cultural deprivation. [3] Identify and briefly describe two ways in which cultural deprivation impacts on educational achievements. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that class is the most significant factor in determining educational achievements in modern industrial societies. [16] 4 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term labelling. [3] Identify and briefly describe two sociological examples that illustrate the process of labelling in relation to education. [6] (b) â€Å"Ethnicity has relatively little impact on educational attainment in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this claim. [16]  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 3 Option C: Religion Answer either Question 5 or Question 6. 5 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term social control. [3]Identify and briefly describe two ways in which religion can act as a means of social control. [6] [16] (b) â€Å"Religion is a force for social change in modern industrial societies. † Evaluate this view. 6 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term world affirming sect. Identify and briefly describe two reasons why sects can be short lived. [3] [6] (b) Evaluate the view that the growth of new religious movements is evidence that religion continues to play a major role in modern industrial societies. [16] Option D: Crime and Deviance Answer either Question 7 or Question 8. 7 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term self report study. [3]Identify and briefly describe two advantages in using self report studies to research the level of crime in society. [6] (b) Evaluate the view that criminal behaviour is limited to a few powerless groups in society. [16] 8 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term sub-culture. [3] Identify and briefly describe two differences between biological and sociological theories of deviance. [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the interactionist view that deviance is subject to negotiation.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11 [Turn over 4 Option E: Work and Leisure Answer either Question 9 or Question 10. 9 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term unofficial strike.Identify and briefly describe two reasons why strikes occur. [3] [6] [16] (b) Evaluate the view that organisations are inevitably undemocratic. 10 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term professionalisation in relation to work. [3] Identify and briefly describe two consequences of the professionalisation of the workforce . [6] (b) Evaluate the view that alienation remains a feature of work in modern industrial societies. [16] Option F: Mass Media Answer either Question 11 or Question 12. 11 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term censorship. [3] Identify and briefly describe two examples of the way in which the mass media influences the political process. 6] (b) Evaluate the view that agenda setting in politics is increasingly shaped by the mass media in modern industrial societies. [16] 12 (a) (i) (ii) Define the term content analysis. [3] Identify and briefly describe two difficulties in measuring the influence of the mass media. [6] (b) Evaluate the usefulness of the hypodermic syringe model to our understanding of the role of the mass media. [16] Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible.Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clear ance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.  © UCLES 2011 9699/33/O/N/11

Influence of Music Essay - 834 Words

Influence of Music Hannah Ferguson HUM/176 Influence of Music Music and radio has roots in American culture and the way society is today. The different types of music genres have shaped American culture and social behavior of Americans. Audio media has had a major affect and influence on the attitudes of Americans and especially today’s youth and young adults. Music and radio has given American culture its values, the way that jazz, blues, and Ramp;B created rock amp; roll, music created American culture. Music appeals to young adults, and youth as an escape to the hard times of real life. Drawn by the explicit lyrics and beats, the youth always searches out for music to dance to and music to connect with. American†¦show more content†¦A way of bringing what was different cultures together and making one culture, The American Culture. Rock and Roll is a genre of music that has forever changed the social behavior of Americans. Rock and roll has influenced American culture in the daily life, fashion and attitudes of most Americans. Rock and Roll broke the race barricade, forming in a time of a civil rights movement. Rock and roll was a new form of music that encouraged desegregation. Evolving black artists and white artists playing black music, rock and roll changed the way American culture accepts what was once taboo. Rock and roll put a perception of sex, drugs, and alcohol to be accepted and what is considered â€Å"cool†. Artists singing about doing drugs, or hooking up with random woman made it something to be idolized. Rock and roll influenced young adults to engage in risky behavior. Now is American culture, these things are almost considered normal. Rock and roll shaped fashion and is continuously changing fashion. Fans copy styles of their favorite artists as a way to express one’s self. From ripped up, tight, or baggy pants, long hair, colored hair, or shaved heads, the fashion is always changing. Some fashions coming back and making another appearance in American culture, a lot of fashion comes from Rock and roll. Piercings and tattoos once forbidden, is becoming more and more acceptable in American culture.Show MoreRelatedMusic Influences On The Music1508 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Nowadays listening to music is a widespread phenomenon all over the world. People tend to listen to it on a daily basis wherever they are: in a public transport, gym, shop and etc. As well as bringing the relaxation effect, music can help to concentrate better while studying or working or even bring an inspiration. Moreover, according to scientists, our brain tends to react on our favourite music in the same way as it would react on some delicious food or a psychoactive drugRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Music1590 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Music is a very telling form of expression. Whether it is the lyrics themselves, the tone in which they’re said or the rhythm of the music, there are many methods in which music expresses the artist’s opinion to his audience. The introduction of new methods of expression in music by tinkering with old methods are how new musical ideas are discovered. In the past, Miles Davis’ explorations into jazz fusion and modal jazz music pushed the envelope. Now, Kanye West’s explorationsRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Music Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesquestion? Music, the idea of using sounds for thoughts. Cultivated music can be defined in many different ways, although it is defines as being music that comes from another country, it is also defined as music that is consciously well put together. The word culture is almost visible. However, the term â€Å"cultivated† brings a deep contrast to that of â€Å"vernacular†. Vernacular can be defin ed as music of the present place. It will be safe to say that cultivated music carries over into Vernacular music. CultivatedRead MoreThe Influence of Music1881 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction to Music GEN1621 Major Writing Assignment The Influence of Music Almaty, 2011 Music gives a soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and life to everything. (Plato, 428-348 BC ) Music is inseparable part of our everyday life; we can face it in every corner of our town, on TV commercial, films, radio etc. Music can be understood everywhere, even if you cannot speak the language of other countries, but you move, dance, sing and enjoy the music while listeningRead MorePopular Music And Its Influence On Music1293 Words   |  6 PagesLastly, I would like to address how popular music controls us to favor popular music. Rather than allowing us to listen to different types of music, such as country music or punk music, popular music conforms us to only listen to the music that is only composed by well-known artists. Popular music restricts us from listening to other songs that are not popular, thus determining what popular music is. First off, what makes popular music popular? The reason to bring this question up is to remind allRead MoreJazz Music And Its Influence On The Music3105 Words   |  13 Pages Jazz music as we know it today has evolved since the early twentieth century. Its’ evolution is due to the influence of many different players who have added their own styles, interpretations and techniques. Two masters of Jazz who have been a big influence on the music are cornet and trumpet player, Louis Armstrong, and piano player, band leader and arranger, Duke Ellington. Each came from different socio-economic and geographical backgrounds, but both became masters of their trade, reached worldwideRead MoreMusic Literacy And Its Influence On Music1208 Words   |  5 Pagesnatural talent are big factors in music performing, it is suggested that a major skill needed for a developing music performer is the ability to sight-read (Paul), which is an important factor in acquiring and expanding music literacy (Gromko). However, music literacy is a compositional ability that requires many different abilities (Gromko, Lehmann and Ericson). In relation to studies on English literacy acquisition techniques, little research has been conducted on music literacy. In what research hasRead MoreMusic s Influence On Music1420 Words   |  6 PagesMusic has changed the way people have looked at others, have acted, and how they see the world today. The beginning of music started when someone discovered that banning on something made a sound. Music became a hideout for people when they needed a place to send their mind. Musicians are the biggest part of the music and making it the way it is. Certain musicians changed the way people started to look at music in the 60s. The 60s were a time for standing up for what the country believed it, a timeRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On Music903 Words   |  4 Pagesworld that is music there are many genres of music that fall under different categories. One of the more popular genres of music is Rap. Rap music evolved overtime and become more relevant as the years go on, accordingly the culture and other parts of rap changed as well. There a various differences between what rap music is now and what it had been in the past, and it all comes with the changes of the world. Some of the bigger changes in music is the culture that comes with the music, the lyricsRead MoreHandelian Influence on Music888 Words   |  4 PagesOver time, the world has seen many outstanding musicians, and so much fantastic music. Each highly remembered composer or musician changed the way we think and see the world. They give us new ideas, and music is a wonderful way to convey moods and emotions. Each also slightly changed music itself. Handel was one of the greatest of these people. He was a superior composer who largely influenced and expanded music. Background George Frideric Handel was born in Germany, but found his future in England

The Black Death The Worst Event in European History

The Black Death was an epidemic which spread across almost all of Europe in the years 1346-53. The plague killed over a third of the entire population. It has been described as the worst natural disaster in European history and is responsible for changing the course of that history to a great degree. There is no dispute that the Black Death, otherwise known as the â€Å"Great Mortality, † or simply â€Å"The Plague,† was a trans-continental disease which swept Europe and killed millions during the fourteenth century. However, there is now argument over exactly what this epidemic was. The traditional and most widely accepted  answer is the bubonic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia Pestis, which scientists found in samples taken from French plague pits where bodies were buried. Transmission Yersinia Pestis was spread through infected fleas which lived first on black rats, a type of rat which is happy to live near humans and, crucially, on ships. Once infected, the rat population would die off, and the fleas would turn to humans, infecting them instead. After three to five days of incubation, the disease would spread to the lymph nodes, which would swell into large-blister like ‘buboes’ (hence ‘bubonic’ plague), usually in the thigh, armpit, groin, or neck. 60 - 80% of those infected would die within another three to five days. Human fleas, once blamed quite heavily, in reality, contributed only a fraction of cases. Variations The plague could turn into a more virulent airborne variant called pneumonic plague, where the infection spread to the lungs, causing the victim to cough up blood which could infect others. Some people have argued this aided the spread, but others have proven it wasn’t common and accounted for a very small amount of cases. Even rarer was a septicemic version, where the infection overwhelmed the blood; this was nearly always fatal. Dates The main instance of the Black Death was between 1346 to 1353, although the plague returned to many areas again in waves during 1361-3, 1369-71, 1374-75, 1390, 1400, and after. Because extremes of cold and heat slow the flea down, the bubonic version of the plague tended to spread during the spring and summer, slowing right down during winter (the lack of many winter cases across Europe is cited as further evidence the Black Death was caused by Yersinia Pestis). Spreading The Black Death originated in the northwest shores of the Caspian Sea, in the land of the Mongol Golden Horde, and spread into Europe when the Mongols attacked an Italian trading post at Kaffa in the Crimea. Plague struck the besiegers in 1346 and then entered the town, to be carried abroad when the traders hurriedly left on ships the next spring. From there the plague traveled rapidly, through rats and fleas living on board ships, to Constantinople and other Mediterranean ports in the thriving European trade network, and from there through the same network inland. By 1349, much of Southern Europe had been affected, and by 1350, the plague had spread into Scotland and north Germany. Overland transmission was, again, either via rat or fleas on people/clothing/goods, along communication routes, often as people fled the plague. The spread was slowed by cool/winter weather but could last through it. By the end of 1353, when the epidemic reached into Russia, only a few small areas such as Finland and Iceland had been spared, thanks largely to only having a small role in international trade. Asia Minor, the Caucasus, the Middle East, and North Africa also suffered. Death Toll Traditionally, historians accept that there were variations in the rates of mortality as different areas suffered slightly differently, but roughly one-third (33%) of Europe’s entire population succumbed between 1346-53, somewhere in the region of 20-25 million people. Britain is often quoted as losing 40%. Recent work by O.J. Benedictow has produced a controversially higher figure: he argues that mortality was surprisingly consistent across the continent and that, in reality, three-fifths (60%) perished; roughly 50 million people. There is some dispute about urban versus rural losses but, in general, the rural population suffered as heavily as the urban ones, a key factor given that 90% of Europe’s population lived in rural areas. In England alone, deaths rendered 1000 villages unviable and survivors left them. While the poor had a higher chance of contracting the disease, the rich and noble still suffered, including King Alfonso XI of Castile, who died, as did a quarter of the Pope’s staff at Avignon (the papacy had left Rome at this point and hadnt yet returned). Medical Knowledge The majority of people believed the plague was sent by God, largely as a punishment for sins. Medical knowledge in this period was insufficiently developed for any effective treatments, with many doctors believing the disease was due to ‘miasma,’ the pollution of the air with toxic matter from rotting material. This did prompt some attempts to clean up and provide better hygiene – the King of England sent a protest at the filth in London’s streets, and people were afraid of catching the illness from affected corpses – but it didn’t tackle the root cause of rat and flea. Some people seeking answers turned to astrology and blamed a conjunction of the planets. â€Å"End† of the Plague The great epidemic ended in 1353, but waves followed it for centuries. However, medical and governmental developments pioneered in Italy had, by the seventeenth century, spread across Europe, providing plague hospitals, health boards, and counter-measures; plague consequently decreased, to become unusual in Europe. Consequences The immediate aftermath of the Black Death was a sudden decline in trade and a halt to wars, though both of these picked up soon after. More long term effects were the reduction of land under cultivation and a rise in labor costs due to the vastly reduced laboring population, who were able to claim higher remittance for their work. The same applied to skilled professions in towns, and these changes, coupled with a greater social mobility, have been seen to underpin the Renaissance: with fewer people holding more money, they allotted more funds toward cultural and religious items. In contrast, the position of landowners weakened, as they found labor costs to be much more, and encouraged a turn to cheaper, labor-saving devices. In many ways, the Black Death sped up the change from the medieval to the  modern era. The Renaissance began a permanent change in Europes life, and it owes a great deal to the horrors of the plague. Out of decay comes forth sweetness indeed. In Northern Europe, the Black Death affected culture, with an artistic movement focusing on death and what happens after, which stood in contrast to the other cultural trends in the region. The church was weakened as people grew disillusioned when it proved unable to satisfactorily explain or deal with the plague, and many inexperienced/swiftly educated priests had to be rushed into filling the offices. Conversely, many often richly endowed churches were built by grateful survivors. The Name Black Death The name ‘Black Death’ was actually a later term for the plague, and may derive from a mistranslation of a Latin term which means both ‘terrible’ and ‘black’ death; it has nothing to do with the symptoms. Contemporaries of the plague often called it â€Å"plaga,† or â€Å"pest†/†pestis.†

A Moment That Changed My Life - 1112 Words

John Trimble 9 January 2003 How Fight Club Changed My Life Once, I was a young boy who believed everything I heard, yet I knew nothing. I was impressionable and weak. Above all else, I was confused. I did not understand myself, and I did not realize why I wasn’t happy. Everything always went wrong. I felt my life slipping away into oblivion with no palpable meaning. My life was an endless array of homework, band camp, theater, girls, and a myriad other things that were not making me happy. Day after day, like a tumor, I felt weakness and futility grow inside me. Author Chuck Palahniuk writes, â€Å"This is your life, and it’s ending one minute at a time (29).† I was lost with no map to guide me†¦until I read Fight Club, by Chuck†¦show more content†¦I was a prisoner in the iron bars of my own mind. In Palahniuk’s words, â€Å"I felt trapped. I was too complete. I was too perfect. I wanted a way out of my life (173).† Then, I began to wonder: When I die, does it really matter if I feel good about my life? Is perfection really the answer I am looking for? â€Å"Nothing is static, even the Mona Lisa is falling apart (49).† I had spent my whole life wondering why I wasn’t satisfied, and in the meantime, my life was passing me by. â€Å"This is the greatest moment of your life, and you’re off somewhere missing it (77),† Palahniuk says, â€Å"Quit treading water and do something with [your] life (83).† The answer hit me like a dump truck. If I live wholly in the moment, only then will I truly be alive. What good are worries and regret? Palahniuk writes, â€Å"A moment is the most you could ever expect from perfection.† Whenever I fail, it is best to simply accept my failure and move on. I have chosen to accept my foibles as a beautiful necessity in life, for it is impossible to separate myself from them. I cannot not change the past, so there is no use regretting it. I cannot change the future, so there is no use dwelling in it. All I have is the moment, and that is where I will live. It was as if I were reborn. With all the new time I spent not criticizing myself, I began to truly live. Given, I am still the same eccentric boy on theShow MoreRelatedThe Moment That Changed My Life877 Words   |  4 PagesThe moment that changed my life. This essay is based on an event that changed my life forever. It is a passage that is mixed with feelings and emotions. This experience gave my life a purpose and a sense of direction. It allowed me to grow from a boy to a man in just one day. It was a cold, rainy winter morning in Liverpool. I had gone about my morning no different than any other working day. By 6:30AM I was showered, dressed, and full from my huge bowl of cereal. This gave me fifteen minutesRead MoreA Moment That Changed My Life - Essay1778 Words   |  8 PagesThis is my creative essay for the Film Program at NYU. The prompt was: Introduce yourself. Describe an unforgettable event in your life and how it changed your perception of yourself or the view of someone close to you. This event can be dramatic and/or comedic. The assignment may be written as a short story in the first person or as an essay. My one fear is that my essay is hard to understand. So any feedback on how it reads to other people would be a huge help. And also any gramatical errorsRead MoreHow I Missed Quality Time With The Children1028 Words   |  5 Pagesnot they have had the moment. The first type goes along thinking about how busy they are, or how much happier they would be if they could afford a new car or a bigger house, worrying and trying to work harder, earn more, do more. That used to be me: Working more hours to make more money to get more things. I missed quality time with the children because I was working, always working. I worked about 12 hours a day and even when I was home, my attention wasn t all there. My middle daughter, SaraRead MoreMy Positive Writing Experience : My Amazing Life Experience1397 Words   |  6 PagesMy Amazing Life Story Experience Writing my life story was an overwhelmingly positive experience for me. This story was an important story for me to tell because it is about the day that I met my sponsor child. That experience of meeting my sponsor child was an experience that changed my life because I was able to physically see the boy that I have been pouring into. This experience also took my relationship with my sponsor child to another level because I was there in Zimbabwe Africa building myRead More Illusions of Reality Essay1341 Words   |  6 Pages The Illusions of Reality The only thing in my life that I can be positive about is change. Everything changes, from the moment we’re born to the moment we die. Reality has many twist and turns, and our perception of reality is what shapes us to become who we are. Our life is spent on deciphering the difference between reality and not reality. This is hard to define because reality is unique to each individual. Our environment and the people we are around shape our perception of what is real. RealityRead MoreLife Of A Person Suffering From This Illness916 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience of the years. When my father was diagnosed with cancer changed us, he and I, in some different ways. The life of a person suffering from this illness is really hard and I could realized it while growing. However, the traumatic moment of finding my dad dead was a shaking and painful event, which marked me and changed me for the rest of my life. That night I got up to go to the bathroom as usual. It was a small apartment where the only bathroom was in my parents’ bedroom. As I enteredRead MoreBattles in the Desert Essay634 Words   |  3 Pageshappening. The time period is during the regime of the government of Miguel Aleman. Carlos’ experiences demonstrate the changes of his own personal life, and the impact of the American culture on Mexico. I believe Carlos is reflecting his personal childhood lived at Mà ©xico, and also the unwilling changes of his personality. How Carlos enjoys a moment that is never happening again, and how Carlos feels about his society. In the society Carlos lives with are manipulated very easily by the empoweredRead MoreIt Was A Cold, Muggy August Morning Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesback home from spending Christmas with my dad in Wichita. My dad and his fiancà © had come down to Topeka that night, as well, to spend time with his mother for Christmas. Instead of staying with his mother, he went and bought a hotel room. Him and his fiancà © went and had dinner with my grandma and then went back to the hotel room. Little did I know that trip would change my life forever. I woke up the next morning and went out into the kitchen where I could hear my mom talking on the phone. When I sawRead MoreSad Love Story785 Words   |  4 PagesThe sadness moment in life It all started two years ago, at the time of the Vietnamese New Year. I never knew that meeting this person that would change my life. From the moment I met him, he changed my whole world. We began dating and falling in love several months after we met. I never thought that I would date an older man like him; a man whom is very different in personality from me. Loving him changed my life because I have found out more characteristics in me that I never knew I had. I getRead MoreAlteration in My Life: Moving to America Essay531 Words   |  3 Pagespoor life that people are suffering. All of us may live in a different life, but we also have one common thing before that. We are all born into this world to live once and we die when the time comes. While living our lives, we all taste contentment and depression. In this process, we sometimes meet moment of enlightenment and life can change in an instant. When I was young I was an active child. I had many friends and they followed me a lot. I could tell my opinions clearly and express my emotions

Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis Free Essays

Chapter 5 Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis exercises Exercise 5–1 Requirement 1 Alpine West should recognize revenue over the ski season on an anticipated usage basis, in this case equally throughout the season. The fact that the $450 price is nonrefundable is not relevant to the revenue recognition decision. Revenue should be recognized as it is earned, in this case as the services are provided during the ski season. We will write a custom essay sample on Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Requirement 2 November 6, 2013 Cash450 Unearned revenue450 To record the cash collection December 31, 2013 Unearned revenue ($450 x 1/5)90 Revenue90 To recognize revenue earned in December (no revenue earned in November, as season starts on December 1). Requirement 3 $90 is included in revenue in the 2013 income statement. The $360 remaining balance in unearned revenue is included in the current liability section of the 2013 balance sheet. Exercise 5–3 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery %: $234,000 = 65% (gross profit % = 35%) $360,000 2014 cost recovery %: $245,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $350,000 2013 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales of $150,000 x 35%=$52,500 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales of $100,000 x 35%=$ 35,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales of $120,000 x 30%= 36,000 Total 2014 gross profit $71,000 Requirement 2 2013 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500) Balance in deferred gross profit account$73,500 2014 deferred gross profit balance: 2013 initial gross profit ($360,000 – 234,000)$ 126,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2013 (52,500) Gross profit recognized in 2014(35,000) 2014 initial gross profit ($350,000 – 245,000)105,000 Less: Gross profit recognized in 2014 (36,000) Balance in deferred gross profit account$107,500 Exercise 5–4 2013 Installment receivables360,000 Inventory234,000 Deferred gross profit126,000 To record installment sales 2013 Cash150,000 Installment receivables150,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2013 Deferred gross profit52,500 Realized gross profit52,500 To recognize gross profit from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables350,000 Inventory245,000 Deferred gross profit105,000 To record installment sales 2014 Cash220,000 Installment receivables220,000 To record cash collections from installment sales 2014 Deferred gross profit71,000 Realized gross profit71,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Exercise 5–5 Requirement 1 YearIncome recognized 2013$180,000 ($300,000 – 120,000) 2014- 0 – 2015- 0 – 2016 – 0 – Total$180,000 Requirement 2 Cost recovery %: $120,000 ————- = 40% (gross profit % = 60%) $300,000 | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery(40%) |Gross Profit(60%) | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 30,000 |$ 45,000 | |2014 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2015 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | 30,000 | 45,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Requirement 3 | | | | | |Year |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | |2013 |$ 75,000 |$ 75,000 | – 0 – | |2014 | 75,000 | 45,000 $ 30,000 | |201 5 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | |2016 | 75,000 | – 0 – | 75,000 | | Totals |$300,000 |$120,000 |$180,000 | | | | | | Exercise 5–11 Requirement 1 20132014 Contract price$2,000,000$2,000,000 Actual costs to date 300,0001,875,000 Estimated costs to complete 1,200,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 1,500,0001,875,000 Gross profit (estimated in 2013)$ 500,000$ 125,000 Gross profit recognition: 2013: $ 300,000 = 20% x $500,000 = $100,000 $1,500,000 2014:$125,000 – 100,000 = $25,000 Requirement 2 2013$ – 0 – 2014$125,000 Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | |Current assets: | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | |Costs and profit ($400,000*) in excess | | | | |of billings ($380,000) | |20,000 | | | | | | | * Costs ($300,000) + profit ($100,000) Exercise 5–11 (concluded) Requirement 4 | | | | |Balance Sheet | | | | |At December 31, 2013 | | | | |Current assets: | | | | | Accounts receivable | |$ 130,000 | | | | | | | |Current liabilities: | | | | |Billings ($380,000) in excess of costs ($300,000) | |$ 80,000 | | | | | | | problems Problem 5–2 Requirement 1 2013 cost recovery % : $180,000 = 60% (gross profit % = 40%) $300,000 2014 cost recovery %: $280,000 = 70% (gross profit % = 30%) $400,000 2013 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $120,000 x 40%= $48,000 2014 gross profit: Cash collection from 2013 sales = $100,000 x 40%= $ 40,000 +Cash collection from 2014 sales = $150,000 x 30%= 45,000 Total 2014 gross profit $85,000 Requirement 2 013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit48,000 Realized gross profit48,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–2 (continued) 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gr oss profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collections from installment sales Deferred gross profit85,000 Realized gross profit85,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Requirement 3 | | | | |Date |Cash Collected |Cost Recovery |Gross Profit | | | | | | |2013 | | | | |2013 sales |$120,000 |$120,000 |- 0 – | | | | | | |2014 | | | |2013 sales | $100,000 | $ 60,000 |$40,000 | |2014 sales | 150,000 | 150,000 | – 0 – | | 2014 totals |$250,000 |$210,000 |$40,000 | | | | | | Problem 5–2 (concluded) 2013 Installment receivables300,000 Inventory180,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash120,000 Installment receivables120,000 To record cash collection from installment sales 2014 Installment receivables400,000 Inventory280,000 Deferred gross profit120,000 To record installment sales Cash250,000 Installment receivables250,000 To record cash collection from installment sales Deferred gross profit40,000 Realized gross profit40,000 To recognize gross profit from installment sales Problem 5–5 Requirement 1 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 2,000,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 8,000,000 8,200,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 2,000,000$ 1,800,000 Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,000,000 = 75. 0% x $2,000,000 = $1,500,000 – 600,000 = $900,000 $8,000,000 015:$1,800,000 – 1,500,000 = $300,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 2 | | | | | | |2013 |2014 |2015 | | | | | | |Construction in progress |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | | Various accounts 2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |To record construction costs | | | | | | | | | |Accounts receiv able |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | | Billings on construction contract |2,000,000 |4,000,000 |4,000,000 | |To record progress billings | | | | | | | | | |Cash |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | | Accounts receivable |1,800,000 |3,600,000 |4,600,000 | |To record cash collections | | | | | | | | | |Construction in progress | 600,000 | 900,000 | 300,000 | |(gross profit) | | | | |Cost of construction |2,400,000 |3,600,000 |2,200,000 | |(cost incurred) | | | | | Revenue from long-term contracts (1) |3,000,000 |4,500,000 |2,500,000 | |To record gross profit | | | | | | | | | (1) Revenue recognized: 2013: 30% x $10,000,000 =$3,000,000 2014: 75% x $10,000,000 =$7,500,000 Less: Revenue recognized in 2013(3,000,000) Revenue recognized in 2014$4,500,000 2015: 100% x $10,000,000 =$10,000,000 Less: Revenue recognized in 2013 2014 (7,500,000) Revenue recognized in 2015$2,500,000 Problem 5–5 (continued) Requirement 3 | | | | | |Balance Sheet | |2013 | |2014 | | | | | | | |Curren t assets: | | | | | |Accounts receivable | |$ 200,000 | |$600,000 | |Construction in progress |$3,000,000 | |$7,500,000 | | | Less: Billings |(2,000,000) | |(6,000,000) | | |Costs and profit in excess | | | | | |of billings | |1,000,000 | |1,500,000 | Requirement 4 01320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,200,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,000 9,400,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 3,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,000 9,300,000 9,400,000 Estimated gross profit (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ 700,000$ 600,000 Problem 5–5 (concluded) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $6,200,000 = 66. 6667% x $700,000 = $466,667 – 600,000 = $(133,333) $9,300,000 015:$600,000 – 466,667 = $133,333 Requirement 5 201320142015 Costs incurred during the year$2,400,000$3,800,000$3,900,000 Estimated costs to complete as of year-end 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 201320142015 Contract price$10,000,000$10,000,000$10,000,000 Actual costs to date 2,400,000 6,200,00010,100,000 Estimated costs to complete 5,600,000 4,100,000 – 0 – Total estimated costs 8,000,00010,300,00010,100,000 Estimated gross profit (loss) (actual in 2015)$ 2,000,000$ (300,000)$ (100,000) Gross profit (loss) recognition: 2013: $2,400,000 = 30. 0% x $2,000,000 = $600,000 $8,000,000 2014: $(300,000) – 600,000 = $(900,000) 2015: $(100,000) – (300,000) = $200,000 How to cite Income Measurement and Profitability Analysis, Papers

An Untimely Death Essay Example For Students

An Untimely Death Essay In The story of an Hour, Kate Chopin reveals the complex character, Mrs. Mallard, In a most unusual manner. THe reader is led to believe that her husband has been killed in a railway accident. The other characters in the story are worried about how to break the news to her; they know whe suffers from a heart condition, and they fear for her health. On the surface, the story appears to be about how Mrs. Mallard deals with the news of the death of her husband. On a deeper level, however, the story is about the feeling of intense joy that Mrs. Mallard experiences when she realizes that she is free from the influences of her husband and the consequences of finding out that her new-found freedom is not to be. At First, Mrs. Mallard seems to be genuinely affected by her grief: She wept ar once, with sudden, wild abandonment. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. SHe would have no one follow her(14). At this point in the story, the reader is able to look into the mind of Mrs. Mallard; she now noticed, as she looked from her window, the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the distant song(15). She noticed the there were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds(15). The other characters in the story have one impression of Mrs. Mallard; she seems to have reacted to the terrible news as one would expect, but the reader is aware that a distinct change has come over her. The story unviels its theme at this point: Mrs. Mallard, for the first time in her life, experiences a new-found freedom. Instead of dreading the future without her husband, she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely(15. She could now live her life and be absolutely free of the imposing will of her husband:There would be no one to live for her during the coming years; she would live for herself. There would be now powerful will bending hers in the blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow creature. (15)Mrs. Mallard had, in that brief moment of illumination(15), stumbled upon a truth: she was now her own person, free from the confines of her husband. She had loved her husband, sometimes(15), but that didnt matter: What could love .. ..count for in the face of theis possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!(15). THE theme of the story unfolds at this point: Mrs. Mallard, through the death of her husband, is able to experience the joy of the realization that she is in control of her own destiny. She is now free, free, free!(15. Mrs. Mallards new-found freedon is not to be, however, as the story takes an ironic, fatal, twist. On the surface, this story appears to be about how Mrs. Mallard accepts the news of the death of her husband; on a deeper level, however, this story examines how Mrs Mallard accepts the possession of her own being which she recognizes as the strongest impulse of her being(15). As she looked out of her window, she was looking at life as she had never seen it before: she was looking drinking in the very elixer of life(16). SHe had never before looked to the future with any optimisim, only dread. She could hardly live with this new-found joy that she had discovered within herself, and ironically, she would not live with new discovery for long. As the story takes an ironic twist, Mr. Mallard turns the latchkey and walks into the room: he had been nowhere near the scene of the accident. THe realization that her new-found joy was not to be was too much for Mrs. .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .postImageUrl , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:hover , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:visited , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:active { border:0!important; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:active , .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ddf1ef1aed902d9c4f7b05311b6381f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 3-23-99 Final draft #3 Essay Mallards weak heart to take, but she had at least lived for a few, brief, shinning momnents in the realization of her new-found freedom.BibliographyChopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. Rpt. Fictions 4th Ed. Eds. Joseph f. Trimmer and C. Wade Jennings. New York: Harcourt